The correct answer is D. CN XII exits the cranium through the hypoglossal canal, and restriction or damage to CN XII can result in dysphagia. The image shows the skull base foramina and the hypoglossal canal through which the hypoglossal nerve exits the occipital bone.

CN I (olfactory) exits through the cribriform plate (choice A). CN V3 (mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve) exits through the foramen ovale (choice B). CN V2 (maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve) exits through the foramen rotundum (choice C).

Reference:

Reference:

Review Cranial Nerves & Foramina